Responsible Tourism

Throughout the world new developments and themes in tourism have seen the rise of Ecotourism, Green Toursim and Sustainable Tourism. Embedded within their respective approaches and philosophies is a basic requirement for man to act responsibly. This was the main theme of the Second International Conference on Responsible Tourism held in Kerela earlier this year (2008) where a variety of speakers presented papers and gave presentations on a wide variety of initaitives from around the world. Check these out at: http://www.responsibletourism2008.org/index.php

Stats Skills in Geography

Check this out for the Chi Squared Test
http://www.geography-site.co.uk/pages/skills/fieldwork/stats/chi.html

China - Population Policy what next?

China's One-Child Policy has had many critics over the years, but the Chinese Government would argue that it has contributed to a slowing of the annual growth rate to 0.6%.

Consider the imbalance in society: Watch this You Tube

http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=n-_06DyfRoo

TASK 1

What are the Costs and Benefits of this policy? - make notes on this

TASK 2 - Will the One Child Policy continue to help China? Read the article linked below and the other China linked topics on the blog - make notes on the following:
(i) In what ways has the Chinese Government moved away from coersion with the One Child Policy?
(ii) What are the major issues facing China by 2050 with its current population policy

Click on the image

Here are some more links on ChinaUseful ones include
http://chinasite.com/ the ‘complete’ guide to China weblinks
http://english.pudong.gov.cn/
http://www.pudong.shanghaichina.org/
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/

Tourism as a Development Strategy

Over the last few decades several countries have looked towards tourism as a means of
promoting development and economic growth. Tourism has grown to become the world’s
second largest industry, directly accounting for 3.8 percent of global GDP in 2005 according to
the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC). Experiences from various countries have shown
that tourism can have significant effects, both positive and negative, on an economy. It has
been noted that the very process of developing tourism and the consequences of this
development imposes social, cultural and environmental costs for the country.

TASK
Use 'Population, Resources and Development' by Jane Chrispen and Francis Jegede.
Read 10.3 The Role of tourism in development on page 157.
Make notes on 'The Core-periphery enclave model' from page 158.

Read 'The development of tourism in Goa' on pages 159-161.
Make notes on 'The development of tourism in Goa' on pages 159-161.
Answer questions 7, 8 and 9 on page 161.

Read 'Tourism and development in The Gambia' pages 164 and 165.
Answer questions 13, 14 and 15 on page 165.

Follow the link for further information on Mauritius:

http://www.odi.org.uk/IEDG/Publications/finalpage.pdf

Additional links on Toursim:

Tourism rises globally, but not to U.S. csmonitor.com
Schott's Almanac of New Tourism
Britons spurning foreign holidays as economy dips Environment guardian.co.uk
BBC NEWS Asia-Pacific Tourism slow as Olympics approach
Goodbye cheap flights, welcome back real travel... Travelog guardian.co.uk
BBC NEWS UK Magazine Benidorm - the new face of eco-tourism
Benidorm paints itself green Travel guardian.co.uk
BBC NEWS Europe Icy mood grips Kosovo ski resort
The True Meaning Of Tourist Trap (washingtonpost.com)
The tourist trap Society The Guardian

Economic Migration Turkish Gastarbeiter to Germany

The European labour market, after the Second World War, faced a shortage of labour due to the loss of young men of working age. To satisfy the growing demand for labour, many countries, including Germany, found the solution in recruiting migrant workers. In the 1950s and 1960s, many migrant workers from Turkey came to Germany for temporary work. The employers in Germany usually gave these migrant workers short-term contracts, in expectation that they would return to their country of origin once the contract ended. However, many workers had started families during their work term in Germany. With their families already rooted in Germany, these workers felt it would be too difficult to uproot their families, and decided to stay in Germany.

Staying in Germany, however, did not mean that these migrants were an integrated part of society. Since the German government still expected these workers to return home, there was no large-scale effort to encourage these migrant workers to integrate. German citizenship law, which is based largely on parentage rather than place of birth or residence, makes it difficult for migrant workers and their descendants to obtain citizenship. Out of a population of 80 million, there are approximately 7 million foreigners currently living in Germany. About 2 million are Turkish migrant workers or their descendants.

Questions related to this topic:

- What is the predominant age group and sex of the Turkish migrant workers? Does this change depending on the time period?

- What are the push and pull factors that encouraged the Turkish migrants workers to move to Germany?

- What type of employment do migrant workers typically engage in?

- In which parts of the country do migrant workers typically settle?

- How have their social and economic status changed since the 1950s?

- What measures have the German government taken to ensure the rights of Turkish migrant workers (as well as migrant workers from other country) and their families are protected?

Check the following links for information:


http://www.let.leidenuniv.nl/history/migration/chapter9.html


http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/eiro/2002/10/feature/de0210204f.htm


http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=235
http://www.dw.de/turkish-guest-workers-transformed-german-society/a-15489210
http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2098464,00.html

Theme Parks

Theme Parks are not a new phenomenon (e.g. zoos, water gardens and safari parks use wildlife and nature themes). However, attitudes change and people now show greater concern about the enclosure of wild animals and the increasing cost of meeting public expectation has seen their popularity deminish (Windsor Safari Park closed in 1990). At the same time a wave of modern theme park developments have been one of the great tourism success stories over the last 20 years (e.g the former site of Windsor Safari Park is now home to Legoland a 1.5 million annual visitor attraction).

What is a Theme Park?

According to Tucker 1991 " a theme park must be built around one or more fantasy or historical themes, charge some form of all inclusive entry fee, and offer a braod range of facilities and attractions to occupy a family for the whole day.

By definition theme parks are expensive to develop, run and maintain, consequently most are managed by large corporations, e.g. Tussauds, Disney and Universal.

The first theme park is reputed to be Santa Land (USA) established in 1946 ten years prior to Disney in LA and the first in the UK was Thorp Park (1969). It was not until the mid 1990s that attendances broke 10 million at a UK venue, however, by this time the growth rate of theme parks had slowed as the demand for more quality, more excitement and more expense (investment in the former) increased.

The majority of visitors to Theme Parks are day excursions rather than tourists, but market research has shown that for long-term success, they are essential for economic profitability of the larger parks. The crucial threshold that changes an attraction from a large theme park to an all incluseive integrated resort is the addition of accomodation and other entertainment facilities. Alton Towers is the first UK theme park to cross this boundary and puts it ahead of its competitors in the UK market. On a global scale Disney currently have the greatest market share of this market.

TASK (COMPLETE FOR NEXT LESSON)

1. Construct a Timeline of Theme Parks

The following linked article gives you an insight into the global market

http://www.hotel-online.com/Trends/ERA/ERARoleThemeParks.html

http://timelines.home.insightbb.com/timelines.htm

2. You are going to build a Case Study of one Theme Park. Using the links below and the Internet

present your study under the following headings:

a) Theme and attraction

b) Location and Setting

c) Ownership)

d)Cost

e)Market segment

f)local socio economic and environmental impacts

http://www.forbes.com/2005/05/26/cx_sb_0526feat.html

http://www.lightwatervalley.co.uk/

http://www.thorpepark.com/

www.draytonmanor.co.uk/

http://www.altontowers.com/pages/home

http://home.disney.co.uk/

http://www.timewarner.com/

http://video.aol.com/video-detail/harry-potter-theme-parkoralndo-resort/3405308435/?icid=VIDURVENT07

Population Movement in the UK

Follow the link below to get the most recent data set and maps from the ONS. Very useful information for your migration work.

http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_compendia/fom2005/06_FOPM_MovesWithinUK.pdf

The legacy of the Games will provide a variety of opportunities throughout London.
Dave has provided some links from his research on the Lower Lea Valley and Startford for further research. Check these out.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympic_games/7774617.stm


http://www.bbc.co.uk/insideout/content/articles/2008/04/02/london_lea_olympics_s13_w6_feature.shtml

http://www.lda.gov.uk/server/show/ConWebDoc.621

http://www.wow4water.net/nc_resource/lea_valley_and_%202012_olympics_info_pack.pdf

http://www.esri.com/mapmuseum/mapbook_gallery/volume21/planning9.html

UK MIGRATION - LATEST ONS DATA

The Office of National Statistics have released their latest data on UK migration. Click the links below for more information.

Latest Data http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7737490.stm

Polish Workers enticed home. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7372281.stm

Costs & Benefits http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7325606.stm

HOMEWORK TASK

In what ways is the pattern of migation in the UK changing? Prepare a 1 page synopsis.

The Changing Population Structure of the UK

Homework question:

Outline the social, economic, demographic and political implications of an ageing population in the UK. (12)

Your answer to this question should reflect the fact that you have read a range of material on the topic of an ageing population in the UK. This means that it will include factual examples and statistics to back up your ideas.

Sources of information should include:

• Growing Grey article
• Ageing Population notes
• Population Change Articles
• Geography in the News article
• BBC Ageing webpages
• Global Ageing

Plus there is a huge amount of information on this topic available on this blog and the Internet
http://gsalgeog.blogspot.com/2008/02/ageing-population.html

Population Structure

Population Structure

Here's a little reminder from our first lesson on Population Structure: Follow this link

Europe of the future: Germany shrinks, France grows, but UK population booms

The UK population is on the increase again. For the first time in a generation the annual birth rate has approached 2.0 (1.9 Office for Nationa Statistics August 2008). Click on the cartoon to find out more.

Use this background information and the links to augment your class notes.

Population Change in the UK - the next 25 years

here is a chance for you to investigate the demographic shift that will affect you over the next 25 years. Click on the link below and check the data on the online database.

http://42degrees.bankofscotland.co.uk/issue-1/trends-2.html

England the most crowded place in Europe

Population change is affected by three key factors, birth rate death rates and migration. Consider the long-term implications for the UK on the latest figures released by the National Statistics Office.

Click on the image for more information

Credit Crunch - Impact on UK Tourism

Boom or bust?

How will the credit crunch impact UK tourism this year. Follow the link from the "donkey" to find out more!

Female Infantcide in India

Infantcide is not a problem unique to China as many people believe. Check out this story and the links from the bbc news page. You will find some excellent material to add to your notes.







There is an alternative and it is also in India

Issues on the Urban Fringe

You need to know the difference between a greenfield and brownfiled site. You should be able to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages between each type of site.

The links below will help you with this task:

How GreenBelts have benefitted Britain (BBC Video)


"Elastic Band" Green Belt Claim (BBC Article)


Is the Greenbelt an outdated concept? (BBC Article)


Radio 4 News Report - "Is the Greenbelt an outdated concept?"


Warning over Green Belt Hunger (BBC Article)


Green Belt 'at risk of homes' (Gloucesteshire) (BBC Article)


New Developments in the Cambridgeshire Area


(linked to Urban sprawl) Cambridge Green Belt Study

A 'green and pleasant' land

Brownfield Land Development

Settlement Processes in Leeds

Leeds has experienced all the major settlement processes at various stages in its historical growth to the present day.

The key processes and eras are:

INDUSTRIALISATION 1750 - 1900
URBANISATION 1800 - 1880
DEINDUSTRIALISATION 1900 - 1950
SUBURBANISATION 1910 - 1950
DECENTRALISATION 1960s - 2000
COUNTER-URBANISATION 1960s - 2000
REURBANISATION NOW

Using the following links you can idntify these key elements in the city's growth together with the industries and locations inherent in each settlement process.

Using this information construct a mini case study for your notes.

LEEDS

The Urban Geography of Leeds - You should have this document in your file!

Latest Info on Sudan

Check the BBC News website to update your Case Studies.

Click logo

The Largest Cities

Over the last 50 years, more and more cities have reached sizes that are historically unprecedented. While there are examples in history of cities that had populations of one million or more inhabitants (including imperial Rome at the height of its powers and Edo, the precursor of Tokyo in the 13th century), the city with several million inhabitants is a relatively new phenomenon.
London was the first city to have several million inhabitants, reaching this size in the second half of the 19th century, reflecting its status as the economic and political centre of the British Empire. By 2005, there were 50 cities with more than 5 million people, including 20 'mega-cities' with more than 10 million people.

Many other cities have grown very considerably. In 1990, the average size of the world's 100 largest cities was around 5.1 million inhabitants, compared to 2.1 million in 1950, around 700,000 in 1900 and just under 200,000 in 1800. (See graph below).
During the 1980s, many had more people moving out than moving in (since their population growth rate was lower than their rate of natural increase). These included Mexico City, Sao Paulo, Calcutta, Buenos Aires and Rio de Janeiro. However, the graph above shows that very large cities with relatively modest population growth rates can still have large annual increments in their populations.

In 2003, there were 20 megacities with over 10 million inhabitants. It is projected that by 2015, 22 cities will be this large, all but five of them in the developing world. The population of these 22 cities in 2015 will be about 358 million - 75 million more than today, but still only about 5 per cent of the expected global population of over 7 billion.



Regional patterns
Historically Asia has always had a high proportion of the world's largest cities - and South and Central America and North Africa have also long had large cities. In 2005, 28 of the world's 50 cities with over 5 million inhabitants were in Asia and this proportion is likely to increase, reflecting its increasing weight within the world economy.

Among the world's regions, North America and sub-Saharan Africa stand out as having most 'new' large cities - settlements that had not been founded or did not exist as urban centres by 1800. In 1900, Europe had more than half the world's 100 largest cities. Today it only has 53 of the world's 414 cities with a population of over 1 million.



Fast-growing cities
Although cities such as Lagos, Karachi and Dhaka are often said to be among the world's fastest growing cities, there are hundreds of smaller cities with higher population growth rates. Indeed census data shows that some relatively small urban centres have been growing by 10 or more per cent per year - far above even the fastest growing city listed above.

The current population of most of the world's largest urban areas including Tokyo, London, Los Angeles, Shanghai, Beijing, Jakarta, Dhaka and Bombay/Mumbai can go up or down by many million inhabitants, depending on which boundaries are used. This is why any international list of 'the world's largest cities' risks considerable inaccuracy as some city populations are for large urbanized regions with thousands of square kilometres while others are for older 'city boundaries' with a few hundred square kilometres.

Although it is often assumed that the world's most rapidly growing cities are concentrated in Latin America, Asia and Africa, this is not so. The table below shows how several cities in the United States rank among the most rapidly growing cities in the world during this century. For instance, Nairobi is often held up as one of the world's most rapidly growing cities - but both Miami and Phoenix in the United States had larger populations than Nairobi in 1990, although all were small settlements in 1900.


FACTSHEETS

Use this LINK to access key data sheets for your NOTES on GLOBAL URBAN GROWTH


BACKGOUND

Use this LINK for useful comparisons of major cities around the world.
The URBAN GEOGRAPHY OF LEEDS is a document you need and should read

Latest Immigration News

Check out the latest news and data on immigration in the UK. You will find some interesting and very relevant data on this news page from the bbc.

Read through and add the relevant data an facts to your notes. This is excellent material to support your notes on Cost Benefits (see blog for March 15th).

Happy holidays!

EASTER HOLIDAY HOMEWORK

Over the Easter Vacation build a Case Study on:

REFUGEE MIGRATION IN SUDAN

Create a 4 page (max) A4 doc and email to: SD@gsal.org.uk (deadline 8/4/08)

You will need to include information on the following sections together with maps, data tables and images.

• Introduction and Background
• How did the conflict start?
• What is the Sudanese government doing?
• What has happened to the civillians?
• What is being done to help?
• What is the International Community doing?

The Costs and Benefits of Migration

Migration affects both the area of origin and the area of destination. The effects of migration can be:

Economic

Social
Environmental

Cultural





The Costs and Benefits of Economic Migration
IMPACT ON ORIGIN / SOURCE COUNTRY
ECONOMIC COSTS

• Loss of young adult labour force
• Loss of skills base and entrepreneurs - could slow economic development
• out - migration may cause spital of decline which is difficult to halt (see link on NE Deindustrialisation blog)
• Loss of labour may discourage inward investment, increasing dependence on government support.

ECONOMIC BENEFITS

• Prospect of reduced under emloyment in the source country
• Returning migrants bring new skills to the country which may revitalise home country economy
• Money sent home by migrants may be invested in the home economy or businesses
• Les pressure on resources including basic supplies such as food and water and essentail services such as healthcare

SOCIAL COSTS

• Perceived benefits of migration continue to encourage following generations to migrate with a net detrimental effect on social structure
• Disproportionate number of females left behind
• Non return of migrants leaves imbalance in population structure with long term consequences
• Returning retired migrants may impose social cost on the community if there is an inadequate support mechanism to cater for them

SOCIAL BENEFITS

• Population density reduced and birth rate decreases (young fertile who migrate)
• Money sent home by migrants can finance improved education and healthcare facilities
• Returning retired migrants increase social expectations within the community, e.g., demand for better leisure facilities

IMPACT ON DESTINATION COUNTRY
ECONOMIC COSTS

• Cost of educating migrants' children
• Increasing over dependence on migrant labour to support some industries (e.g. vegetable picking in East Anglia)
• Leakage of money earned by migrants, including pension payments, goes back to country of origin
• Increased numbers of people puts pressure on existing resources such as health services and education.

ECONOMIC BENEFITS

• Migrants take up less desirable jobs
• Host country gains skilled labour at reduced cost
• 'Skills gap' in host country may be filled by qualified migrant workers
• Retirement costs are transferred back to the source country

SOCIAL COSTS

• Discrimination against minorities leads to civil unrest and political extremism
• The dominance of males is reinforced, especially in countries where the status of women is low, e.g., Persian Gulf states
• Aspects of cultural identity are lost, particularly among second and third generation migrants
• Segregated areas of similar ethnic groups are created, and schools become dominated by migrant children

SOCIAL BENEFITS

• Creation of a multicultural society increases awareness, respect and understanding of other cultures
• Influx of new and revitalised community services and businesses, e.g. corner shops and Turkish baths
• Growth of ethnic retailing and areas associated with ethnic food and textile outlets, e.g. fabric shops in Manningham, Bradford

Check this link on the impact of Economic Migration
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/2019385.stm
ACTIVITYThe Poles are Coming (BBC 2 11 March 2008) - Following the broadcast (Click to see clip) and the notes you made from the programme, together with reading through the links on the Case Studies blog, use the bullet points above to compile a list of the COSTS & BENEFITS of Polish migration to the UK and Poland.

Impact of Deindustrialisation in the North East

The north east of England witnessed huge deindustrialisation during the late 1970s and 1980s which resulted in many people leaving the traditional industrial core clusters around Tyneside, Wearside and Teeside to migrate south or abroad. Some areas have recovered due to foreign investment, Washington near Sunderland (Nissan) and others due to government initaitives, Newcastle (One North), however, many areas remain sparsley populated, lacking in any resources or opportunities for the future generations.

Follow the link to find out more. Click here.

There has been a small amount of international immigration such as Japanese managers for the Nissan factory at Washington and small pockets of Chinese, Pakistani and Indian people, often running their own small businesses or in professional and managerial roles.

Causes of Migration and Migration Case Studies

The table below highlights some major causes of migration. It classifies such movments in terms of their origin and destination and whether the movement is voluntary or forced.





The following website contains a series of MIGRATION Case Studies and questions which will provide excellent anecdotal evidence for your notes





The following links provide detailed information and data for our work on migration. You also need to refer to the February Blog on Brazil.


Advantages of UK immigration
Britain's east-west divide
Can you pass a British citizenship test?
Dutch set immigrants culture test
German 'Muslim test' stirs anger
Migrants speak of city life
Migrant World: BBC in-depth reports reports
People seek 'country life' values

Online Maps, GIS and Map Skills

The links below will help you build up a wide range of mapping and GIS skills which will enable you to research and display much of the data covered in your AS/A2 course.

ArcExplorer- ArcExplorer is a lightweight GIS data viewer developed by ESRI. This freely available software (which you can download to your home computer) offers an easy way to perform a variety of basic GIS functions, including display, query, and data retrieval applications. It can be used on its own with local data sets or as a client to Internet data and map servers. Only download this software if you have permission from the owner of the computer.

· A Vision of Britain(between 1801 and 2001. Including maps, statistical trends and historical descriptions). This web site was created by the Great Britain Historical GIS Project ("GIS" stands for "Geographical Information System"). It has a large bank of historical maps, cencus data and other information concerning many locations in Britain. Useful for Historians too.

· DEMIS– A good interactive map that allows you to zoom in from a map of the globe to a regional level. You can also enter the longitude and latitude of a location to pin-point a location.

· GetaMap (inc. 1:25,000 maps) - A free improved mapping service from Ordnance Survey. You can search for maps anywhere in the UK simply by entering the place name, full postcode or National Grid.

· Historical Atlas of the Twentieth Century - A wide range of historical map showing changes in social trends, population, and much more. Useful to Historians too.Latitude and Longitude -Teach yourself all about it!

· Magic: An excellent source of UK maps- The first web-based interactive map to bring together geographic information on key environmental schemes and designations in one place. An excellent resource.

· MapMachine- National Geographic's redesigned online atlas. You can find nearly any place on Earth, and view it by population, climate, and much more. Plus, browse antique maps and find country facts.

· Map Projections - Play with a map of the world to see the distorting effects of different map projections.

· NatioMaster.com - Not just maps. You can generate your own choropleth maps, graphs and tables from a vast bank of statistics on everything from crime rates to GDP for anywhere in the world. You can compare countries and create correlations. The site also has an on line encyclopaedia.

· MapZone–The OS’s website to teach map skills. Aimed at 7-16 year olds.

· Mulitmap (with overlay facilities)- Multimap is Europe's leading provider of mapping and location-based services. They deliver online maps, point-to-point driving directions and geo-spatial ("where's my nearest?") searches in Europe.

· Ordnance Survey. Plenty of information about maps including free resources. An excellent website. Check out the Education section.

· Pupil Vision Maps– An excellent source of black and white outline maps.

· Relief Web (including maps of remote locations) – maps of places anywhere in the world.

· Streetmap- Another leading mapping and location-based services. They deliver online maps, point-to-point driving directions and geo-spatial ("where's my nearest?") searches.

· The Harvard Geospatial Library– An interactive map with which you can zoom in and out to obtain a map of anywhere in the world. Not good at a local scale but good for continental or country maps.
· Time Ticker - Looks great, and sounds pretty funky too - complete with comedy boinging effects when you click to a new area on the map. And it is that easy to find the time anywhere in the world.
· University of Texas map collection- As you might expect from Texas, this is a huge internet map library. You can find maps of more or less any type here.

· USGS GIS- All about Geographical Information Systems

· What are maps? - An introduction to maps.

· WorldAtlas.com - More online maps and information about each country.

· World Map - A site providing links to a comprehensive collection of world maps, including outline maps, satellite images, global warming maps and many more.

· How far is it between.... and.....? For some reason, Geographers seem to be expected to know the answer to this type of question. Never mind, the Internet has come to the rescue. Click here.

Brits Move Abroad

Studies by the Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR) indicate that approximately 10% of British citizens live overseas suggesting that the rate of departure has been so great that population falls are only masked by immigration. Over the 39 years between 1966 and 2005, the UK has experienced a total net loss of 2.7 million British nationals.

Download a summary of the IPPR report ‘Brits Abroad: Mapping the scale and nature of British emigration’ from:

http://www.ippr.org.uk/publicationsandreports/publication.asp?id=509
or visit the BBC website at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/brits_abroad/html/default.stm

Problems associated with Youthful Populations

Whilst several countries in the MEDW are experiencing the increase in an ageing population and its inherent socio-economic problems, many countries in the developing world are experiencing the phenomenon of a 'youthful population'. This too has inherent socio economic benefits and problems.


There are several problems associated with youthful dependency (0 - 14 years):


1. Pressure on housing – not enough housing, people living in slums. This is very common around the big cities (New Delhi), where millions of people live in shanty towns with no running water, roads, sewage of any kind.

2. Pressure on schooling – illiterate population. India’s literacy rate is 60%, Cambodia’s literacy rate is 69%.

3. Pressure on food supplies - famine, food distribution difficulties. Natural disasters accentuate this problem e.g. droughts


4. Potential for further population growth as these young people grow older, get married and have children. This will contine to add pressure to schooling, food supplies, housing and health services.


5. Pressure on health services – a growth in diseases being spread around and not being dealt with adequatly to stop the spread.


6. Pressure on working populations (economically active) to support the young and old.



Benefits


Click on the link here and make notes on the benefits associated with a country going through the transitional window of a youthful population.



Read the articles linked below then answer the question for homework.






India's Population Bulge







India's Youthful Population


India's Demographic Bonus





HOMEWORK

Answer the following in Word and email to SD@gsal.org.uk



Using examples describe and explain the consequences of a youthful population (12)

Ageing Population

The population structure of the UK is changing. The following links will provide you with key information to augment your class notes.

Here is a starter for your entertainment



Click here to see an INTERACTIVE POPULATION PYRAMID from the ONS









Click the image to link to the BBC Ageing Population Page.




Click on here to link to the Optimum Population Trust document on ageing population and impact on employment.






Every new home built in the UK must be designed to suit an ageing population. Click here to see BBC News report.

Rural to Urban Migration

Task
Use the resources linked to from this page to produce the following:

1. A detailed annotated version of Lee's Model that summaries Rural to Urban population

movement in Brazil.

2. A written description of how Ravenstein's Law can be applied to Rural to Urban population

movement in Brazil.

RESOURCES


Use the Abstract and Introduction of Migration in Brazil in the 1990s, Norbert M. Fiess and Dorte Verner, The World Bank, 2002.

The two faces of Sao Paulo, Daniel Howden, 12 March 2007.

Brazil poor feel benefits of Lula's policies, Steve Kingstone, 18 September 2006.

Brazil's youth in poverty escape, Jo Wright, 30 July 2005.

Divorce Rises because of One Child Policy

A news article from the BBC today says that China's divorce rate has risen by over 20% in the last year. Some people suggest this is a result of the One Child Policy which has produced a generation of adults unable to sustain relationships. Click here to read the full article.

Adopt a Granny?

How will Italy cope with its ageing population?

Have a look at the three articles from the BBC below

Italians fear a poor old age

Adopt a granny

Italy's pensions timebomb

European Population Boom?

Across Europe many governments are now recognising the trend of decreasing birth rates and realsing the long-term implications this trend will have on the economically acvtive future generations to support an ageing population. As a consequence of this there have been some interesting developments to counter the trend.

Click on this BBC article http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4837422.stm to see how different European governments are encouraging women to have more children.

Click on the link below for more information about Italy paying 10,000 Euros for each child....An article from the Guardian http://observer.guardian.co.uk/europe/story/0,,1081021,00.html here is an alternative way to increase their population.

Stage 5 of the Demographic Transition Model

There is growing evidence being presented by demographic studies throughout the world that Europe is entering, or indeed several countries within the EU have already entered Stage 5 of the demographic transition model. Falling death rates coupled with birth rates declining below these has resulted in population decline in many EU countries, e.g., Italy, Germany and Spain. For many this was believed to be economically desirable. The expectation was that employment opportunities would increase, based on the assumption that fewer people would be competing for a fixed number of jobs, an there would be a greater supply of resources to go around.

A counter argument is that the whole situation across Europe and North America may in fact be changed by what happens at the bottom of their social hierarchies. Poor immigrant populations may be the ones to change the demographic structure. The 20% of the population in the MEDW enjoy 80% of all the world's resources. Assuming Europe moves into Stage 5 of the demographic transition model there will be enormous pressure for increased immigration into Europe. Currently there is increasing concern over a potential shortage of workers particularly in the service sector of the economy. The consequences of mass immigration and subsequent integration could raise the potential for social unrest on a large scale.

Click on the image to view the interactive web sites for population pyramids in the UK and Germany. Using the interactive models view the projections for the change in population structure for the next fifty years. N.B. both of these models do not take into consideration the latest countries to join the EU and their impact through migration. (Consider the issues presented in the previous blog).

MIGRANT IMPACT ON UK

The latest NHS figures show that increased migration into the UK is having a major impact on both the population and the infrastructure. The article linked here provides you with the lastest details.
Click on the image to visit web link.


Consider the long term impact of continued population grwoth and maigration on the UK?

European Population Issues

As always, there is a wealth of interesting material available on the BBC website, much of which is relevant to your AS level studies. I have picked out a few which are closely linked to the Population unit.

First is an article about the implications of an ageing population in 8 EU countries. Click on the photo to access the article.

The second article is about the consequences of China's long-running population policy. It makes for interesting reading.

Another interesting read is entitled, 'Birth rate crisis hits central Europe'. It contains some excellent information relating to the reasons for and consequences of a declining birth rate in this part of Europe.

Use these questions to guide your reading:

1. Why is Slovakia enjoying a minor baby boom at present?

2. What pro-natalist measures are being proposed in Poland?

3. Why might these policies struggle to succeed?

4. How is a declining birth rate affecting old people in the former Communist states of central Europe?

The Demographic Transition Model - An Overview

Follow the link on the DTM to review your knowledge of the model.

1. Use the animation on the weblink site to make notes.

2. Open the link and complete the online worksheet (scroll page to locate). Save your document and put a copy into my INBOX by referencing Y12DTMyourname.

3. Make notes on the DTM from the following Wikipeadia link

4. Follow this link for excellent diagrams and examples from around the world investigating each stage of the DTM (Click here).

UK POPULATION GROWING

The UK population was in decline and believed to be entering Stage 5 of the DTM. Follow the link to this article from the Daily Telegraph (and links from this page) to make notes on recent population change in the UK.

Population Archive

The Guardian newspaper online offers an excellent archive of articles and comments about various aspects of population and associated issues. Click on the image to access this fantastic resource and read some of the articles to extend the work you are doing in lessons.

UK POPULATION
The following Daily Telegraph articles and links provide background information on projections and issues affecting the UK.

HOMEWORK

1. What name is given to the study of population?

2. Describe population as a ‘system’.

3. Describe the relationship between poverty and population growth. What are the two ideas about their relationship? Which argument does the author of the Guardian article agree with?

4. What key economic change resulted in the first significant population change?

5. How do cultural traditions influence population change?

6. What 2 models have been devised to show the connection between industrialisation and population growth?

7. What are the problems with these models?

8. Draw 2 mind maps to show the factors which affect fertility and mortality.