AS MUST WATCH VIDEO

http://numaga.com/global/bbc-horizon-how-many-people-can-live-planet-earth-hd

The video to help with a huge chunk of the course:

BBC Horizon - How Many People Can Live on Planet Earth?

use the links below to see six parts of the above documentary - watch it, repeat and make notes from. Great case study material.

Just Do It!!!!

Cycle Towns

On yer Bike! 

Using the following websites and the Map extracts of Guildford:
 
http://www.cycleaylesbury.co.uk/index.php?id=1

http://www.guildford.gov.uk/GuildfordWeb/Maps/

Use the ONLINE BROWSER http://www.guildford.gov.uk/planaccess/

Draft outline proposals for:

1. Cycling to School - (N.B. type of school, potential catchment area - SWOTS analysis of each location)

2.  Comuting to Work

3. Cycle Hire Scheme

For each proposal outline how you would collect data to justify adopting the scheme.

In what ways could this data be best presented?

Asylum Seekers

Here is a very comprehensive guide to Asylum Seekers across Europe and the UK.  Follow the links and make notes to supplement the textbook section.

http://www.erylmcnallymep.org.uk/asylum_seekers_in_the_uk.htm

Surburbanisation

The growth and suburbanisation of London was influenced by the development and expansion of the underground and over gound rail network.

In contrast suburbanisation in  LEDW cities has been influenced by both migration and transport infrastructure.

The population of Greater Mumbai today is estimated to be around 23 million. This numerical growth has been, generated by in-migration from the districts of Maharashtra on one hand, and from neighbouring states on the other. Job opportunities in the expanding industries, financial institutions and administration have made the city attractive. Natural growth of the resident population is also accounting for an increasing proportion.


Insularity and the north-south linear configuration have necessitated a northward urban sprawl of the city from the south end, first into northern sections and later into Salsette and Trombay. The northward growth is still continuing unabated along the traffic corridors and in recent years augmented by an eastward march across the Thane Creek. Mumbai today is more a conurbation than a sharply defined `million' city.

The 1930s and 40s saw the rise of Shivaji Park area, Matunga and Mahim as the outlying suburbs.By the 1960s, the inner suburbs in southern Salsette and Chembur-Trombay had emerged. The 70s and 80s saw the assimilation of the `extended suburbs' beyond Vile-Parle and Ghatkopar.

The northern fringes of Salsette beyond the municipal limits have been sucked into the suburbanisation process in the last decade. Conceived as a counter-magnet to Mumbai, Thane, Vashi and Belapur have emerged merely as extended suburbs.

In this process of suburbanisation, a spatial order of succession (step by step growth) is evident. The northward creep along the rail-cum-road corridors, crystallising into dormitories around the rail head is the first phase. The west side in each case is invariably developed first. The building of the Express Highways has brought a subsequent east side development. Built up areas extending outwards, away from the rail head is the next phase. Such extensions progressively spread over new reclamations on the creekside, and an upward creep on the hill slopes and levelled sites towards the central hill complex of Salsette. With the rail head as the focal point of commuter convergence, roads leading to the rail head have become shopping fronts. While the reclamation grounds house middle and upper class society, inevitably accompanied by hutments in the niches, the lower hill slopes of the central hill zone shelter innumerable shanties.

The dormitory character of early suburban development has undergone vast transformation following family in-migration. The cosmopolitan character of early Mumbai that was an urban mixture of groups of in-migrants living in closed communities has itself changed as the suburbs have matured into an urban amalgam of people of varied linguistic, religious, caste groups that are stratified more on economic grounds.

Today, less than a third of the population of Mumbai lives in the `island' city. Nearly half lives beyond Vile Parle in the west and Old Kurla in the east. The centre of density of population has shifted from the island city well into suburban Salsette. With the `suburban' Mumbai growing faster than the island city, especially in its northern parts, the centre of density is bound to move further north in the immediate future.

The commuter traffic is no more one way into the Central Business District (CBD) in the south of the city in the mornings. Though it is still the main movement, movement in opposite direction is substantial and is gaining in strength, thanks to industrial jobs in the suburbs. East-west cross flows within the suburbs and beyond, into and out of Vashi and further outwards are also increasing. It is therefore not surprising that two-thirds of the BEST bus service is now focussed on the suburbs of Salsette, Trombay and beyond.Real estate is more active in the distant suburbs than in the city. Urban renewal is no more confined to the city. South Mumbai colleges and schools are concerned about falling numbers of students. Few of the residents of the suburbs today seek the markets and shopping arcades of South Mumbai or Dadar. The suburbs have become increasingly self-supporting, in terms of their needs of shopping, education and medical amenities and entertainment. Only civic amenities and infrastructure lag behind. The suburbs are no more suburbs. They have come of age, and have distinct identities as organs of the larger urban mosaic.

TASK
Using your notes, textbook and the two Geo factsheets on Suburbanisation an London together with the following links answer the  10 mark question (see my ppt for more details)

Assess the effects of suburbanisation on cities within countries of different levels of economic development




Use the following links to aid your research

http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_8305000/8305579.stm

http://www.slideshare.net/Steve_Dunn/mumbai-2299705

PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS TO URBANISATION IN THE LEDW - THE BROWN AGENDA

Jakarta in Indonesia is one of the largest cities in the world but its rapid growth over the past 40 years has resulted in major problems ranking it as the world's third most polluted city. The pace of urbanisation has been blamed but are the causes more fundamental and have applications accross the LEDW.

Use the following links to investigate the BROWN AGENDA and the solutions being taken to address these issues in Jakarta. Look at your textbook pp138 for an explanation of brown agenda.

TASK
Produce a table of problems and solutions in Jakarta






Watch the following video to give you an overview

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qB3XnUGsOwU


http://indonesiaurbanstudies.blogspot.com/2007/03/urbanization-and-suburbanization-in.html


Some solutions are discussed here to Jakartas problems
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FzNazYEerNE


TASK 2
Look at the following news report and links. Use this to add up to date details to your case study ob Manila.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/8277905.stm

CURITIBA - A SUSTAINABLE CITY

Curitiba is city in the SE of Brazil, in the state of Parana. Apparently it means "Land of abundant pine cones".
Curitiba's current state is largely down to the vision of one man Jaime Lerner (in the same way as Lee Yuan Kew is the 'architect' of Singapore's success)

TASK
Using the following links construct a Case Study to outline the sustainable developments that have taken place in the city. Group these under the following headings:

Environment
Economic
Social

There are some rather useful relevant websites if you search.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curitiba - a Wikipedia article to get you started...
Check out the work of the Mayor at the IDEAS BANK. It's about having a bit of vision, something so many people lack.
Also check out THIS WEBSITE which looks at how Curitiba has faced problems before they actually occurred.
A useful article on the PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION system in the city.

The city's circular bus stops. Passengers pay before boarding. Click for biggery (as they say)
Image from http://www.curitiba-parana.net/ - which has useful information on the city and its 26 parks and status as the Ecological Capital of Brazil

Some useful images and other materials at this CURITIBA website. Another useful WEBSITE here too.

A superb PBS site on CURITIBA which has information on all the various aspects of the city. Worth a visit !

One key aspect of life in the city is the Integrated Public Transport system.

Using this website http://home.clara.net/heureka/gaia/curitiba.htm
investigate the cost of bus fares and explain how this impacts on the sustainability of the city and its social infrastructure.

Airports the Hub for the spread of Swine Flu

With international flights carrying passengers who have been exposed to the Swine Flu virus the global spread is inevitable. Key interantioanl airports will become the focus for the spread of the disease, both Hong Kong and Madrid are now being viewed as key hubs in this process and entry points for the diease to China and Europe.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/8030306.stm

http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/30431245/

How might Pandemic Affect UK

Watch this video link and make notes!!!
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/8027836.stm

Swine Flu approaches Pandemic Status

The WHO announced yesterday evening that it can no longer contain the spread of the deadly sine flu virus. Follow the links for more information:

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/8021827.stm

Swine Flu arrives in UK

As expected the swine flu has arrived in the UK. Follow the link to read how the authorities and economuy are facing up to a potential pandemic.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8020222.stm

Killer Flu Virus

A killer flu virus has struck Mexico and is believed to be responsible for 60 deaths in Mexico City. Follow the link below for more information - useful insight for AS Health.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/8017871.stm

As the virus spreads so the authorities around the world begin to implement pandemic control measures.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/8019100.stm

London Docklands Case Study

Use the LDDC website and other websites to update/ edit your notes on regeneration and re-urbanisation in London Docklands.

You need to know:

Think about:
The history of the Docklands
What was the LDDC?
Why was regeneration needed? decline of industry, population and deprivation
What were the flagship and catalyst schemes?
What was successful about the project? Advantages
What problems arose from the project? Disdavantages
The future for the Docklands - success or failure? New Docklands v Old Docklands - welathy real estate and business v multiple deprivation

Useful Links
http://www.dockland.co.uk/index.php
http://www.communities.gov.uk/corporate/
http://www.mattmayer.com/essays/lddc.htm
http://www.tfl.gov.uk/assets/downloads/02_Background_Notes.pdf

Inner Cities - Reversing the Decline

The Inner city forms the area surrounding the CBD. This area is also known as the Twilight or Transition zone. Significant change is now occurring in many inner cities to overcome the spiral of decline they have experienced. To be able to explain the characteristics of the inner city it is important to understand their initial development.

When and why did they develop?

The Inner cities grew up in the 19th century as industrial towns in the UK and other parts of Western Europe grew rapidly. Industry grew up on the nearest available land to the centre of towns, close to canals, rivers and the railway which were important for transporting goods and providing water.

As many workers moved from the surrounding rural areas into these growing towns, there was a demand for quick and cheap housing to be built. The housing grew up close to the industrial areas as there was no means of public transport and people needed to be close to work.

Characteristics of Inner City Housing

To keep up with the demand for low-cost housing, developers built as many houses as possible in a small area. This high density housing often consisted of long straight rows of terraced houses and some 'back-to-back' houses. In Scotland tenement blocks built around central courtyards were constructed. The houses lacked amenities with little or no sanitation and no electricity or running water. There were no gardens and few open spaces, as the land close to the centre was expensive and at the time there was little recreation time.

Although the living conditions were poor, the houses were cheap (either to buy or rent) and as people lived so close together, the areas were often characterised by good community spirit.

Problems in the Inner City 1960s

Solutions to the Inner City Problems -

Urban Redevelopment

In response to the problems associated with the decline of the inner city, urban redevelopment began in the 1960s with many areas in the UK's inner cities being cleared. In their place, multi-storey tower blocks were built, however they were not as successful as they were designed to be.

1980s Solution to the Inner City Problems (Urban Regeneration)

In the 1980s new solutions were proposed by the government in an attempt to reverse the process of inner city decline. Urban Development Corporations were set up (UDCs) to transform many old industrial and inner city areas. The main aim of these UDCs was to improve infrastructure and redevelop derelict land in an effort to attract employers into the area and thus create jobs. It was hoped that this would begin a multiplier effect for renewal, attracting shops and services and ultimately reversing the trend of out-migration and encouraging people back to live in the inner cities.

Case Studies of Urban Regeneration
Glasgow Gear Project - Urban Renewal
London Docklands Regeneration

Redevelopment in Birmingham
Birmingham has also experienced extensive urban redevelopment. However the redevelopment of Birmingham city centre in the early 1960s was seen as an urban disaster in the 1990s. The Bull Ring Centre and multi-storey car park was built in 1964 and it was believed that it would make Birmingham the envy of other British cities. The Bull Ring was demolished in 1999 and a new shopping development has now been created. Brindleyplace to the west of Birmingham's city centre was successful redeveloped during the 1990s. The International Convention Centre is at the centre of the development and has allowed Birmingham to redefine its role as an important European meeting place. The Brindley Place development also has many new offices luxury apartments, shops, a sea-life centre and the National Indoor Arena.
Success?
The development has improved the physical environment significantly and as well as creating more jobs, the area now attracts tourists and business people alike. Birmingham residents however have mixed feelings about the success of the development as the luxury flats are too expensive for many people to afford and other house prices in the locality have been inflated. The new jobs created by the development are relatively low-paid and are in the retail and tourist sectors.

HIV / AIDS and Infectious Disease

Read through the following three online sources
avert.org: The origin of AIDS and HIV and the first cases of AIDS
globalhealthfacts.org: People Living with HIV/AIDS (adults and children) 2007
BBC News: The Aids audit: A mixed picture

Task
Read the three sources and then produce a one side of A4 summary.

The page should be split into three to cover the following three points:
What is HIV/AIDS and where did it come from?
What is the geographical distribution of HIV/AIDS suffers?
What economic factors are making the situation worse?

Have a go at the Quiz on this Web page

http://www.liv.ac.uk/geography/research_projects/epidemics/HIV_geography.html

HOMEWORK

Prepare for a brief test on HIV in your next lesson based on your class notes

25 Years on The Miner's Strike

The BBC has produced an excellent montage which gives you an insight into the strike and it's impact at regional and national level. Follow the link to see the



http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7925552.stm

Tourism and the Environment Part 2

The desire to access remote ares of the planet is increasingly becoming more popular and as a consequence tourism is having an impact on the more environmentally sensitive areas of the world.

Ever since Hillary and Tenzing conquored Everest in 1953 Nepal and the Himalayas have been a magnet for tourists. Access to the country was limited during the 1950s and early 1960s because of poor infrastructure, today tourists flock to this mountain region for a variety of mountain based holidays.

Trekking in the foothills of the Himalayas whilst an attraction for the tourist has had a marked impact on the environment and culture of Nepal.

TASK

Make notes on the Costs and Benefits of Tourism in Nepal.

Here are some links to follow:

http://www.tourism.gov.np/

http://www.nepalnews.com.np/contents/englishweekly/telegraph/2002/aug/aug14/national.htm

http://www.nepjol.info/index.php/DSAJ/article/viewPDFInterstitial/290/281

http://www.ica.coop/calendar/ga2001/service-everest.pdf

http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001226/122619eo.pdf

The Ultimate Wilderness - for how long?

Krippendorf’s (1995: 308) idea that ‘tourism destroys tourism’, whereby landscapes lose their tourist value through use (or overuse) by tourists, applies nowhere more so than in wilderness where, strictly speaking, any evidence of humanity should be absent. Wilderness areas are arguably the most sensitive physical resources for tourism. A solitary tourist accessing wilderness settings may have an unacceptable physical impact thereby degrading the wilderness status of the environment. If encountered by another, the same tourist may violate wilderness experiences if solitude is an important aspect of the total experience. Physical and visual impacts, crowding and acceptable levels of social contact pose obvious wilderness management difficulties.

Antarctica as a wilderness covers 50 million km 2, including the Southern Ocean. The land mass alone is 14 million km 2, and 98% is covered with ice that on average is 2km thick (contains 90% of world's fresh water). The climate is extremely harsh with the record minimum being -89.6C.

Politically Antarctica is a neutral territory with no miltary presence other than scientific research. The Antarctic Treaty was drawn up in 1959 and ratified in 1961 and was signed by the 12 leading countries of the United Nations, the Antarctic Treaty System. In 1964 the ATS adopted the first measure to Conserve the Arctic Flora and Fauna. This was reviewed and enhanced by the Protocol on Environmental Protection in 1991 and came into force in 1998 designating Antarctica as a natural reserve.

Although commonly portrayed as the last great wilderness, Antarctica is no longer a pristine environment. At some locations, particularly around long-standing research stations, evidence of past human activity is clear. Many Antarctic stations have disused refuse tip sites, that are now the focus of clean-up efforts. Thankfully, times have changed and current waste management practices in Antarctica are now more refined With the ratification of the Madrid Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty in 1998, all countries operating in the Antarctic are now committed to comprehensive protection of the environment. The Madrid Protocol specifies that all newly generated waste should be removed from Antarctica, and member countries are even obliged to remove "old" waste unless the action of removing the waste creates a greater adverse environmental impact than leaving the waste where it is.

Tourism is now the latest threat to this environment as more visitors arrive each year and in the 1990/91 season 4,842 people visited Antarctica and this grew to 46,069 in the 2007/2008. Over 36% of the visitors are from the USA, 16% UK, 11% Germany and the remaining 37 % all from the economically developed world.Typically these toursist aer tertiary educated, well travelled and have high disposable incomes and are looking for a unique nature based experience.

Geographically the visit sites are concentrated on a very small area of Antarctica, only 0.5% of the continent but in scale about the size of Sri Lanka, 56,000km2, The Antarctic Peninsula takes 90% of the tourist activity and the most visited site is Port Lockroy (7,500 visits per year)

TASKS:

1. Construct a Case Study on Antarctica: use the RESORCES links below to help -

(i) consider the historical development

(ii) the main attractions of Antarctica as a tourist destination

(iii) the threats increasing toursim raises for the environment and biodiversity.

2. Is wilderness tourism a viable extension of ecotoursim or is it, as some scientists describe it, 'egotourism' and a threat to wilderness regions? Discuss (10 marks)

RESOURCES

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/24629.stm

http://www.responsibletravel.com/Copy/Copy103555.htm

The Impact of Tourism on Antarctica

http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2007/apr/30/travelsenvironmentalimpact.frontpagenews

The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly - Ecotourism

The rapid expansion of global tourism and the rise of the eco-conscious traveller has had both positive and negative impacts around the world. Costa Rica is often cited as a country with a positive track record in conservation and ecotoursim; the articles linked below give a good overview of the successes and some of the failures:


MAKE NOTES FROM THE FOLLOWING:

• The Costs and Benefits of Ecotourism in Costa Rica
• The Impact of Ecotoursim in Costa Rica
• Forest Conservation in Costa Rica
• Bowen & Pallister pp296-299 (A2 Textbook)

TASK: Complete the following for the 23 February 2009

GGA5 Synoptic Essay

Tourism in any environment is likely to generate as many costs as benefits. Discuss this view with reference to areas you have studied. (30)

Social Groupings and Urban Patterns in Leeds

Cities grow because people migrate to them. Then, once they arrive, people often migrate within the city. As geographers we are always trying to look at the spatial variations and patterns these movements create and then analyse these with their associated data to offer explanations as to their origins and evolution.

The decision to move is influenced and affected by a range of variables both within the context of the family (or individual) and the societal infrastructure within which the family (individual) live.


Typical family (individual) circumstances which influence the decision to move include:

• income level (affordability)



• disposable income or savings available to influnce decison to rent/buy



• jobs



• schools



• desire for facilities such as open space, access to transport and shopping



• class, education, culture and need to be near people of similar backgrounds and interests



• balance of short-term and long-term objectives

Societal factors

• planning regulations



• economic opportunities for landowners and builders



• wealth of area



• physical factors e.g. flood risk, aspect.



• historical factors regarding development of land



• competition for facilities and desrieable locations



• transport links within the city.

People all make individual decisions, but people with similar sets of circumstances often end up making similar decisions. This means that groups of people and famillies with particular characteristics end up living in the same area. This has resulted in similar sorts of areas evolving across the UK and these can often be found in different cities.

Leeds has several distinct areas and groupings across the city from the inner city, the suburbs, to the rural urban fringe.


For a background resource read:
http://www.brixworth.demon.co.uk/leeds/#Leeds
The Urban Geography of Leeds

As geographers we are most interested in the spatial distribution of social welfare.

Social welfare refers to the well being of communities in ways that discrete groups of people, or individuals, have access to job opportnities, housing, health care, education, and a safe unpolluted enviornment in which they have the freedom to practise their culture, religion etc.

Concentrations of groups of people can also be damaging when areas of poor housing also have a shortage of good schools and medical facilities, or when spearation of ethnic groups leads to a lack of communication and growth in hostility between communities. For example the Urban Riots in 1981 in Brixton (London), Handsworth (Birmingham) and Toxteth (Liverpool), and more recently in 2001 in Harehills and Manningham (Bradford). The 1980s disturbances resulted in a Government Enquiry into Social Exclusion chaired by Lord Scarman. (check link)

The background to these problems and the more recent issues of social polarisation due to economic reform are manifest in the societal and political changes which have occurred since 1945.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ON SOCIAL WELFARE

At the end of the Second World War, a consensus emerged amongst politicians and leaders of various organisations, including the respective Churches, that social rights had to be extended in order to create a more inclusive society. The post war election saw both women and men, who had been involved in the war effort, change politics by voting outside their "class" for the Labour Party and saw the dawn of the welfare state with changes in both education and welfare provision. This was seen as a new society of equality and citizenship.

By the end of the 1950s rationing had ended and employment was almost at 100%. By the late 1960s policies were being developed to tackle both poverty and social inclusion at both a national and local level. Education underwent a major reform in many local authorities with the abandonment of the three-tiered system in favour a two-tiered comprehensive education system. Emerging racial tensions in some UK inner city areas prompted the Labour Government to introduce an Urban Programme to deal with housing and education, these included the construction of Community Schools with Dual Use facilities such as Leisure Centres, Libraries and Community Centres. The financial crisis of 1976 resulted in many of the reform schemes being abandoned and further unrest saw the election of the Conservatives in 1979.

By the 1980s sections of society were becoming socially polarised (social and spatially) and policies based on income were introduced to address this:

• changes to inheritance tax and capital gains tax


• increse use of indirect taxes


• end of minimum wages and abolition of Wages Councils


• abolition of earnings related unemployment benefit


• deregulation and proviatisation of a wide range of public sector activities (transport and public utillities)


• introduction of 'Right to Buy' in coulcil owned housing

These changes resulted in the the notional spatial divison we come to know as the 'North South Divide' which highlighted the polarisation and social disparities which had grown during the Thatcher era. This resulted in the creation of an even more socially polarised society with several divisions being identified such as 'work-rich' and work-poor households'. The changing patterns of economic reform and restructuring of the first Blair Government, despite their attempts to restructure the economy, still resulted in the creation and fostering of the unemployment trap (individual or groups disconnected from the labour market and dependent on the benefit system).

By the 1990s the concept of social exclusion gained greater acceptance with reform in the use and measure of poverty and deprivation. Today Indices of Deprivation are available for all LSOAs in England based on 2004 data.

The indices are based on seven domains of deprivation: income; employment; health and disability; education, skills and training; barriers to housing and services; living environment; and crime. Each domain contains a number of indicators, totalling 37 overall.

In Leeds:

• 20% of SOAs are in the 10% most deprived nationally. This compares with 17% for the Yorkshire and Humber region as a whole.


• 28% of Leeds SOAs are in the worst 20%, the same as for the region.


• Half the wards in Leeds do not have any SOAs in the worst 10% nationally, while 13 wards do not have any SOAs in the worst 20% nationally.


• 5 wards in Leeds have more than half their SOAs in the 10% most deprived SOAs nationally:
  Burmantofts and Richmond Hill, City and Hunslet, Gipton and Harehills, Killingbeck and Seacroft
  and Middleton Park.


• 7 wards in Leeds have more than half their SOAs in the 20% most deprived SOAs nationally. The above wards, plus Armley and Chapel Allerton wards.

ACTIVITY:

Within the context of Leeds consider the following social welfare issues and write a synopsis on ONE SCENARIO.

Use the websites below for further information.


In each case you should consider how the geography and social welfare are linked. How do spatial differences between areas and the social groups have an impact on the welfare of the groups?

The links will give you detailed information for your scenarios

Choose ONE of the following Scenarios:

1. In some areas there is a tendency for wealthier families to move to particular areas because those areas have better schools.

• Does this lead to social segregation?
  
• Who benefits and who loses?



• Can anything be done to address any problems which may arise?



• Does this situation benefit society as a whole in the long-term?



• Is this accentuated when social segregation of schools also involves ethnic or religious segregation?

2. In our society some groups have more access to cars than others. Car rich groups include the rich, men, the middle aged and white. Car-poor groups includeyoung adults, single mothers, the disabled, the elderly and infirm.

• How does this affect the access of different groups to shops as large supermarket chains dominate the retail landscape?



• Does the lack of access to cars lead to a more dangerous environment for some groups?
  

3. Some estates in cities are seen as concentrations of crime and antisocial behaviour.

• Does the evidence support this?



• What are the possible causes of the problems?



• What solutions have been suggested?



• Are these solutions working?

RESOURCES:

School Intranet: Geog GIS folder L6 CENSUS population and housing data in Leeds Wards

Census Data : http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/

Leeds Economy Handbook: http://www.leeds.gov.uk/page.aspx?pageidentifier=57D2D01DD38142A580256E00004160E8

DEPRIVATION INDICATORS BY LEEDS WARD: http://www.leeds.gov.uk/Business/Business_support_and_advice/Local_economy__reports_and_forecasts/Indices_of_Deprivation_2007_(Wards).aspx

http://www.bbc.co.uk/leeds/citylife/harehills_guide.shtml the website contains anecdotal evedience of deprivation in Leeds. Follow the links to look at other areas of the city.

Leeds Education Links: http://www.educationleeds.co.uk/aboutEL/links.aspx?section=17

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harehills: historical and social background on all wards in Leeds.

This website enables you to access information on crime across Leeds: http://www.beatcrime.info/

Strategies for policing in Leeds are outlines here: http://www.leedsinitiative.org/safer/

A good video from Leeds on the Safer Leeds Strategy: http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=OzdNdvKQ1VI&feature=channel_page

Police video on managing quality of life issues in the inner city: http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=lObmbJI5vHA&feature=related

Chapletown and Harehills Community website - lots of interesting material here: http://www.chapeltown.org/impact/default.aspx

Housing Structure within Leeds - the ALMOS system of housing management http://www.leedstenants.org.uk/ALMOlinks.htm

Community based housing intiatives in North East Leeds http://www.eastnortheasthomesleeds.org.uk/

Housing Strategies in Leeds http://www.leeds.gov.uk/leedscityregion/docs/Appendix3_Improving_Residential_Offer.pdf

Leeds Council Plans for Housing - http://www.leeds.gov.uk/housing.aspx

Tourism and the Environment PART 1

There is a fundamental relationship between the environment and tourism. The environment attracts the toursit in the first place because of the scenery or historical heritage. In theory, the relationship should be mutually beneficial. Tourists enjoy the beautiful environments, and the revenue generated by tourists is used to maintain their quality


Much depends upon the nature of the tourist and the sttle/type of tourism.

Increased tourist flow can cause pressure on the environment which results in further problems and can lead to conflict.


TASK 1 Make notes on the IMPACTS OF TOURISM from this link
http://www.gdrc.org/uem/eco-tour/envi/one.html



National Parks in England and Wales - an example of conflict managed -

ASPECTS OF GREEN TOURISM

National Parks are often cited as examples of how tourism and the environment can be managed together. An estimated 110 million people visit the national parks of England and Wales each year. Recreation and tourism bring visitors and funds into the parks, to sustain their conservation efforts and support the local population through jobs and businesses. These visitors also bring problems, such as erosion and traffic congestion, and conflicts over the use of the parks' resources. The national funding offered to National Park Authorities is partly in recognition of the extra difficulties created in dealing with these conflicts.
Each park is operated by its own National Park Authority, with two 'statutory purposes'.


1. to conserve and enhance the natural beauty, wildlife and cultural heritage of the area, and

2. to promote opportunities for the understanding and enjoyment of the park's special qualities by the public.

These purposes can conflict: in such cases, under the 'Sandford Principle', conservation normally comes first. This principle was given statutory force by section 62 of the Environment Act 1995. In pursuing these purposes, National Park Authorities also have a duty to foster the social and economic well-being of their local communities.



Click on the image for detailed information about the new Management Strategy for the Yorkshire Dales.

TASK 2:

i)Give reasons why MAIN MANAGEMENT POLICIES and STEWARDSHIP SCHEMES employed in the Yorkshire Dales National Park are essential in managing the impact of tourism.

ii) Evaluate the success of the main policies

You also need to download the PDF documents on Tourism in the Yorkshire Dales from the Document Library (click here)

TASK 3: Comment on the likely differences and causes of conflict between valley floor and fell top tourism in two named areas of the Yorkshire Dales.

The following document gives a detailed insight into the guiding principles of Mountain Tourism.